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高考独立主格真题,高考独立主格结构

tamoadmin 2024-06-03 人已围观

简介1.英语中的独立主格句型?2.什么时候要用独立主格呢?3.高考英语特殊句式有哪些4.高考英语语法: 英语分词的逻辑主语5.独立主格结构6.高中作文用独立主格结构好不好这样应该算7.非谓语用法总结不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂,不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚,现将一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。wit

1.英语中的独立主格句型?

2.什么时候要用独立主格呢?

3.高考英语特殊句式有哪些

4.高考英语语法: 英语分词的逻辑主语

5.独立主格结构

6.高中作文用独立主格结构好不好这样应该算

7.非谓语用法总结

高考独立主格真题,高考独立主格结构

不少学生对with结构的用法比较复杂,不少英语学习者总感觉不甚清楚,现将

一介词with、二with复合结构、三独立主格结构、四动词独立主格结构、五with/without 引导的独立主格结构总结如下。with结构也称为with复合结构,首先要与介词with的用法区别开来。先让我们全面了解介词with的用法。

一、介词with的用法

with prep.其主要词义包括“有, 以, 用, 同...,由于, 和...一致, 赞成, 关于......” 等21种词义。

1. the company of; accompanying:和,陪伴:在…陪伴下;随同:2.Did you go with her?你跟她一起去吗?Next to; alongside of:在…旁边,同…在一起:stood with the rabbi; sat with the family.与教士站在一起,与家人坐在一块儿3.Having as a possession, an attribute, or a characteristic:带着,带来:作为所有物、属性或特点具有:arrived with bad news; a man with a moustache.带来坏消息;留络腮胡子的男人4.In a manner characterized by:以…方式:performed with skill; spoke with enthusiasm.很有技巧地表演;热情地说话5.In the performance, use, or operation of:使用:在…的表现、使用或运行中:had trouble with the car.汽车出了毛病6.In the charge or keeping of:负责,照料:left the cat with the neighbors.把猫托邻居照顾

7.In the opinion or estimation of:以…的观点或估计:if it``s all right with you.如果你没异议的话8.In support of; on the side of:支持,赞同:I``m with anyone who wants to help the homeless.我支持任何想帮助流浪汉的人7.Of the same opinion or belief as:和…一致:与…有相同观点或信仰:He is with us on that issue.在那个议题上他和我们观点一致8.By the means or agency of:用:通过…的方式或媒介:eat with a fork; made us laugh with his jokes.用叉子吃饭;以他的笑话引我们发笑9. In spite of:尽管:

With all her experience, she could not get a job.尽管很有经验,她还是找不到工作10. In the same direction as:与…同向:sail with the wind; flow with the river.顺风起帆;顺河而流11. At the same time as:与…同时:gets up with the birds.与鸟儿同时起床12. In regard to:关于,对于:We are pleased with her decision. They are disgusted with the situations.她这样决定,我们很高兴;他们对现状很厌恶13. Used as a function word to indicate a party to an action, a communicative activity, or an informal agreement or settlement:和…:用作功能词表示某个动作、交流活动或非正式协议或决定的一方:played with the dog; had a talk with the class; lives with an aunt.与狗玩;和班上的同学谈一谈;与姑母住在一起14. In comparison or contrast to:与…相比;与…对照:a dress identical with the one her sister just bought.和她姐姐刚买衣服同一款式15. Having received:收到,获得:With her permission, he left. I escaped with just a few bruises.获得她允许后,他离开了。我逃跑时只受了一些擦伤16. And; plus:和;加上:

My books, with my brother``s, make a sizable library. 我的书加上的弟弟的书能够办成一个不小的图书馆了.17. Inclusive of; including:包括:It comes to $29.95 with postage and handling.包括邮资和手续费总共是29.95美元18. In opposition to; against:反对;对抗:wrestling with an opponent.与对手摔跤19. As a result or consequence of:结果,后果:trembling with fear; sick with the flu.害怕的发抖;感染了流行性感冒20. So as to be free of or separated from:分离,离开:为脱离,为与…分开:parted with her husband.与她丈夫分手21. In the course of:在…的过程中:We grow older with the hours.我们随时光流逝而长大

二、with复合结构

with复合结构是由with+复合宾语组成,常在句中做状语,表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等。其构成有下列几种情形:1 with + 名词 (或代词) + 现在分词,此时,现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。例如:With prices going up so fast, we can``t afford luxuries. 由于物价上涨很快,我们买不起高档商品。(原因状语)With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace. 在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到皇宫。(伴随情况)2 with + 名词 (或代词) + 过去分词,此时,过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。例如:I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling. 我在房间坐了一会儿,眼睛盯着天花板。(伴随情况)She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行车被偷,她只好步行回家。(原因状语)

3 with + 名词 (或代词) + 动词不定式,此时,不定式表示将发生的动作。例如:With no one to talk to, John felt miserable. 由于没人可以说话的人,约翰感到很悲哀。(原因状语)With a lot of work to do, he wasn``t allowed to go out. 因为还有很多工作要做,他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)

4 with + 名词 (或代词) + 形容词I like to sleep with the windows open. 我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉。(伴随情况)With the weather so close and stuffy, ten to one it``ll rain presently. 大气这样闷,十之八九要下雨。(原因状语)5 with + 名词 (或代词) + 介词短语With the children at school, we can``t take our vacation when we want to. 由于孩子们在上学,所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。(原因状语)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father. 士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿。(行为方式)6 with + 名词 (或代词) + 副词He fell asleep with the light on. 他睡着了,灯还亮着。(伴随情况)The boy stood there with his head down. 这个男孩低头站在那儿。(伴随情况)

请见下面的高考试题中出现的几个相关句子:1 The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind his back.

2 And thousands of terrified watchers stared with their hearts beating fast.

3 With nothing to burn, the fire became weak and finally died out. 4 With production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.

英语中的独立主格句型?

高中语法主要有主谓一致、冠词、代词、连词、介词、动词短语、情态动词、时态语态、虚拟语气、非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、动词、从句等。

高考英语语法考点

一、定语从考点

1.which引导的代表整个主句内容的非限制性定语从句which引导非限制性定语从句时可代表主句内容,前面有逗号与主句隔开。

例句:The CCTV’s 2010 Entertainment Party was successfullyheld on the evening of February 13th,2010, which wasanother great encouragement to all the Chinese.中央电视台2010年春节文娱晚会于2010年2月13日晚成功举行,这对全体中国人民来说又是一个巨大的鼓舞。

2.特定词汇+of whom ,which引导的非限制性定语从句介词(包括复杂介词),数词(包括数量代词)及其它含局部与整体关系的特定词~E+of whom(指人)/which(指物)可以引导非限制性定语从句,此时前面不可加and,but等连词,该结构也可改为of whom /which+特定词汇引导定语从句。

例句:Our English teacher has three daughters,all of whom /ofwhom all are considerate.

我们的英语老师有三个女儿,个个都很善解人意

3.由when.where引导的先行词隐蔽度比较高的定语从句历年的高考考查实践表明,增加定语从句难度的手段之一是增加先行词的隐蔽度,如用point,case,situation等抽象的地点名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做地点状语时用where引导定语从句的判断难度会增加,用occasion,period等表示抽象时间的名词做先行词,当其在定语从句中做时间状语时用when引导定语从句的判别难度也会增加。

例句:I’m sorry that I can’t think out a situation where thiskind of deion is used.

对不起我想不出这种描绘被使用的场合。

二、名词性从句考点

1.what引导的名词性从句

what可引导名词性从句,表示“. ·-的内容(人、时间、地点、价格、速度、方式等)”。The Great Wall of China is what I most want to visit.长城是我最想参观的地方。

2. that引导的同位语从句

that可引导同位语从句,说明被修饰名词的内容。

例句:Word hascome that the sports meeting will be put of.

有消息说运动会将被推迟。

3.whatever.whoever引导的名词性从句 whatever和whoever可引导名词Jl生从句,前者表示“无论什么 ,后者表示“不管谁 。

例句:You can give the book to whoever you think needs it.

你可以把这本书给任何你认为需要这本书的人。

4.whether,if引导的名词性从句

if只可引导宾语从句且不能和or not连用。whether可引导各种名词性从句且可和or not连用。

例句:When shall we discuss the question whether we will havea picnic next week?

我们什么时候讨论下周是否搞一次野餐的问题?

三、状语从句考点

1.where引导的地点状语从句

where可引导地点状语从句,表示“在..的地方 。0ur school lies where there is a small river.我们学校位于有一条小河的地方。

2.before引导的时间状语从句

before引导时间状语从句时可表示“在..之前,尚未来得及,趁 。

例句:Thenaughty boy had run away before I could call him tostop.

我还没有来得及叫住他,这个调皮男孩就跑开了。

3.unless.as/so long as引导的条件状语从句

unless,as/so long as可弓I导条件状语从句,前者表示。除非 ,后者表示“只要 。

例句:As/So long as you treat them truly,you can win overtheir respect.

只要你真诚地对待他们,你会赢得他们的尊敬。

4 . so that.in case引导的目的状语从句

so that,in ease可引导目的状语从旬,前者表示“以便”,后者表示“以免 。

例句:Please close all the doors and windows in ease it willrain.

请关上所有门窗,以防天会下雨。

5.while引导的让步状语从句

while可引导让步状语从句,表示“尽管”。

例句:While this problem is very difficult,it is very important.

尽管这道题很难,却很重要。

四、情态动词考点

1.推测性情态动词用法

may(可许,可能),might(可许,可能),must(一定,必定),can(或许,可能)均有推测性用法,其中might可能性最小,must可能性最大。may,might,must常用于肯定句,may,might用于否定句可表示“可能不 ,can常用于否定句和疑问句,用于否定句表示 不可能 。

例句:— — Can the man standing there be OUY physics teacher?

— — No.he can’t be our physics teacher.

— — 站在那边的那个人可能是我们的物理老师吗?

— — 不,不可能。

2.should的用法

should常表示“应该”,但可置于句首用于条件状语从句(省去if),表示。万一 ,还可表示 竟然

例句:Should you see the thiel,try to catch him.如果你见到小偷,尽量捉住他。

3.may,must,earl’t,should (shouldn’t),ought to(oughtn’tto).needn’t的完成式用法mav have done表示“可能已经做了某事 ,must have done表示“一定已经做了某事”,can’t have done表示“不可能已经做了某事”,should/ought to have done表示“本来应该做某事但实际未做 ,shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done表示 本来不应该做某事但实际已做”,Ileedn’t have done表示“本来没有必要做某事但实际已做”。

例句:Our Chinese teacher isn’t in her offlee,so she may /might/must have gone home.

我们的语文老师不在办公室,所以她可能/-~定回家了。

五、倒装句型考点

1.完全倒装句型考点

地点状语置于句首时需要使用完全倒装句型,将动词直接提前。

例句:At the back of our school stands a high tower.

我们学校后面矗立着一座高塔。

SO(肯定句中表示“也”),neither,IOF(否定旬中表示“也”),80.that. (引导结果状语从句)j only(不修饰主句),no[only.but also. (不连接主语,连接两个分旬时第一个分旬倒装,第二个分句不倒装),not until,Never,hardly,little,hardly.when., SO SO01qe/"than,not a,nowhere,in no ease等词或短语置于句首时应使用不完全倒装句型。

例句:Only then did we realize the harm of pollution.

只有在那时我们才意识到污染的危害。

2.as引导的特殊倒装句型

as引导让步状语从句时可将表语、动词、副词提前,将as紧随其后。如果表语为单数可数名词,提前时应去掉不定冠词。

例句:Weak as she was,she still went on working.

尽管她身体虚弱,仍继续工作。

六、虚拟语气考点

1.与过去事实相反的if虚拟条件状语从句与过去事实相反时,从句动词用had done,主句动词用would,could,should,might have done,当从句动词含有were,had,could,should时可将其提至句首将if省略。

例句:Had I known it at that time,I would have told you.

如果那时我知道这件事一定告诉了你。

2.混合虚拟条件从句

如果if虚拟条件状语主从句时态不一致,应根据各自所体现的时间关系加以适当的调整,采用不同的动词形式。

例句:If she had told me her telephone number yesterday,Icould phone her now.

如果她昨天把她的电话号码告诉了我,我现在就可以给她打电话了。

3.with.without.but for引导的含蓄虚拟条件从句with,without,but for可取代if引导含蓄虚拟条件从句。

例句:With your help,I could have made more achievements.

如果得到你的帮助,我一定会取得更多成就。

4.wish引导的表示过去主观愿望的宾语从句

wish引导宾语从句时如果表示过去的主观愿望,从句动词应用had done或could have done。

例句:I wish I had /could have watched that basketball matchyesterdayafternoon.

我希望我昨天下午看了那场篮球赛。

5.insist,suggest引导的宾语从句

insist,suggest接宾语从若表示建议应用虚拟语气,动词形式为(should)do,但如果insist表示 坚持认为,固执己见 ,suggest表示。表明、暗示 ,所在宾语从句应用陈述语气。

例句:Thedoctor insisted that the patient was seriously ill and(should)be 0Dcrated 0n at once. 医生坚持认为病人病得很严重,建议其立即做手术。

七、不定式考点

1.不定式做目的状语

不定式可做目的状语,如果对其强调可将其提至句首,此时应注意人称一致。

为了及时赶到那里,她将自行车骑得很快。

误:T0 get there in time.her bike waS ridden fast.

正:To get there in time.she rode her bike fast.

2.不定式做结果状语

不定式可做结果状语,强调出乎意料的动作,此时前面可加onlyo

例句:I went to see her to find her absent.

我去看她结果发现她不在家。

3.不定式的复杂形式

不定式除有一般式外,还有否定式not to do,进行式to bedoing、完成式to have done、被动式to be done、完成被动式tohave beendone等复杂形式。

例句;All the employees worked hard not to be fired.

为了不被解雇,所有的员工努力工作。

4.不定式独立主格结构

with+名词+不定式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示未来的动作。

例句:Witha lot of work to do,I can’t help you at present.

因为有许多工作要做,我现在不能帮助你。

八、V—ing形式考点

1.V—ing形式做宾语

excuse. f0r. ,can’t help,suggest,include,insist on,keep on, consider, finish, practice, put off, postpone, delay,miss,avoid,give up,imagine,feel like,enjoy,risk,mind,appreciate,stand,escape等词后面只能接V—ing形式做宾语。remember 得曾做某事),forget(忘了曾做某事),mean(意谓着),try(尝试),regret (后悔),go on (继续做同一件事),stop(停止做某事),need(主语需要被..)等词表示括号内的含义时也应接v—ing形式做宾语。

例句:The hare was lucky enough to have avoided being caught.

这只野兔很幸运,错过了被捉住。

2.V—ing形式做定语

V—ing形式做定语可表示被修饰名词的的用途和性质,也可表示正在进行的动作。

例句:The great noise comes from the building being built now.

这巨大的噪音来自正在被建的楼房。

3.V—ing形式做状语

V—ing形式做状语常表示动作正在进行,此时应注意它的逻辑主语为主句主语。

例句:Holding a book in his hand,he came into the room.

他手里拿着一本书走进了房间。

4. V—ing形式做宾语补足语

V—ing形式做宾语补足语也表示动作正在进行。

例句:WhenI came to the five~ide.I f0und girl struggling inthe water.

来到河边时我看见一个女孩在水中挣扎。

5. V—ing形式独立主格结构

with+名词+V—ing形式可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示正在进行的动作。

例句:With the water still rising,the villages couldn’t return totheir village.

因为水位还在上涨,村民们无法回到村里。

6.V—ing形式复杂形式

V—ing形式除有一般式外还有完成式having done,被动式being done,完成被动式having been done,否定式not doing,完成否定式not having done,完成被动式的否定式not havingbeen done。

例句:Havingsaid goodbye to each other, the children wenthome.

彼此说了再见之后,孩子们回家了。

九、过去分词考点猜想

1.过去分词做状语

过去分词做状语常表示被动的动作,也可因来自系表结构而表示主动的动作。

例句:Caught in a heavy rain,the girl was all wet.

因为被浇了一场大雨,这女孩浑身湿透了。

2.过去分词独立主格结构

with+名词+过去分词可构成独立主格结构做状语,表示被动的动作。

例句:With his homework finished, the boy went out to getrelaxed.

因为家庭作业完成了,这个男孩出去放松了一下。

什么时候要用独立主格呢?

我都是跟学生这样讲的:

不知道你了不了解with的复合结构,如果了解的话把with去掉,就是独立主格结构.

简单讲就是"有主谓宾什么的一个完整的句子,+另一个主语+非谓语"的形式.

* With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay at home.

去掉with

A lot of homework to do, I have to stay at home.

"I have to stay at home"是个完整的句子,前面homework是一个主语,后面to do是不定式.

前几天刚讲完07高考非谓语,里面有好几题都是考非谓语.

如:07重庆

* The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons finished for the day.

你能仿照上面的分析出它的成分吗?

如果还有疑问,可以到中学学科网的英语教与学版块来问.

1L的,请问后面那个分局是独立句对吧?

==>回答:^_^是独立主格结构

高考英语特殊句式有哪些

写文章时用独立主格比用状语从句更简练优美,如果考试的话用独立主格肯定会比用状语从句更加分啊。 比如 When i was a boy,i liked playing football. 这句话如果变成独立主格的话就是 Being a boy,i liked playing football.

高考英语语法: 英语分词的逻辑主语

历年高考英语特殊句式专题精选

1. —How is the little girl injured in the Wenzhou train collision(温州动车事故)?

—The doctor said if______ in a proper way, she was likely to be saved.

A. is treated B. treating C. treated D. to be treated

解析:答案C。本句考查省略句。相当于if she was treated in a proper way…

2. Was it in the lake ______she was saved by a solider?

A. where B. that C. which D. what

解析:答案B。考查强调句。此处强调的是句子的地点状语in the lake,是强调句的一般疑问句句型:Was it + 被强调部分+ that+句子?

3. _____ an strange animal! I've never seen it before.

A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether

解析:答案B。考查感叹句。“多么奇怪的植物啊!我以前从没见过。”此处为“How+ adj. +a/an +n.+ it is/was”的省略结构,故B项正确。

4. It doesn’t matter if he will come to my party, _______?

A. doesn’t it B. does it C. don’t he D. won’t he

解析:答案B。考查反意疑问句。反意疑问句的基本原则就是与主句主谓保持一致。陈述部分为否定,故附加部分为肯定,句意:他是否来参加我的派对,没有关系,是不是?

5. You may have finished your homework. _____ , you can go on to play football.

A. If you may B. If you do C. If not D. If so

解析:答案D。省略句的用法。If so = If you have done that / so。

6. Hardly ________ the railway station when the train took off.

A. I had arrived at; when B. had I arrived; than

C. had I reached; when D. I had got to; than

答案C 解析:hardly位于句首,句子使用倒装句式,并且和when搭配。

7. —Have you ever seen anything like that before?

—No, ________ anything like that before.

A. I never have seen B. never I have seen C. never have I seen D. I have seen

解析:答案C。本句考查倒装句。否定词never置于句首,后面的句子倒装。

8. He is not fond of cooking, ________ I.

A. so am B. nor am C. neither D. nor do

解析:答案B。本句考查倒装句。否定句中当某事适合于两个事物或两个人时,常用nor或neither构成倒装句。

9. Only by this means ________ make great progress in our English study.

A. we B. can we C. we can D. will we be able to

解析:答案B。本句考查倒装句。only 放在句首,后面跟介词短语、副词或者状语从句,后面的句子使用倒装句式。

10. I like playing football and _______.

A. so does Tom B. so is Tom C. so can Tom D. so Tom likes

解析:答案A。本句考查倒装句。当一件事适合两个人或两件事,肯定句中用so接倒装句

11. So loudly ________ that ________ hear him clearly.

A. did he speak; could everyone B. did he speak; everyone could

C. he spoke; could everyone D. he spoke; everyone could

解析:答案B。本句考查倒装句。结果状语从句中,so后面使用倒装句,从句部分不必倒装。

12. I’m a student and I like English very much, ___________.

A. so is Li Hua B. so does Li Hua C. so it is with Li Hua D. so it was with Li Hua

解析:答案C。本句考查倒装句。当句子有两个谓语,特别当一个是系动词,一个是行为动词时,常使用so it is/was …结构。

13. Not until I began to work ________ realize how much time I had wasted.

A. didn’t I B. did I C. I didn’t D. have I

解析:答案B。本句考查倒装句。not until放在句首后面的主句使用倒装句式。时态要前后一致。

14. _____, he’s honest.

A. As he is poor B. Poor is he C. Poor as he is D. Poor as is he

解析:答案C。本句考查倒装句。让步状语从句由as引导,常会把作表语的形容词、名词,作状语的副词,作谓语的动词提前到句首,形成倒装句。

15. Many a time ________ shopping alone.

A. the girl went B. went the girl C. did the girl go D. did go the girl

解析:答案C。本句考查倒装句。状语提前,主谓语部分倒装。

16. _____ a beautiful tower ________ the top of the hill.

A. There stand; at B. There stands; under C. Stands there; under D. There stands; at

解析:答案D。本句考查倒装句。副词there放在句首,主谓完全倒装。

17. There ________. And here ________.

A. goes the bell; she comes B. is the bell going; is she

C. does the bell go; does she come D. the bell goes; come she

解析:答案A。本句考查倒装句。副词there或者here放在句首,句子完全倒装。

18. Out ________, with a ruler in his hand.

A. did he rush B. rushed he C. he rushed D. he did rush

解析:答案C。本句考查倒装句。副词out放在句首,如果主语为人称代词,主谓不完全倒装。

19. Near the church ________ village.

A. was such an old B. had a so old C. was such old a D. is so an old

解析:答案A。本句考查倒装句。介词短语near the church放在句首,主谓倒装。

20. It is not how much we learn but how much love we put into what we do______ benefits our work most.

A. who B. which C. that D. what

解析:答案C。本句考查强调句。强调句型:It is/was +被强调部分+that连接句子的其他部分。

21. Only when I arrived the cinema ______I was late again.

A. I realized B. I did realize C. realized I D. did I realize

解析:答案D。本题考察倒装句, Only引导的状语从句位于句首,应把主句中动词的助动词提前构成部分倒装。

22. Li Hua won’t join us in playing football this afternoon and .

A. neither won’t I B. I won’t either C. I will too D. so will I

解析:答案B。考查特殊句式。本句是否定句,故使用either,而too一般用于肯定句中。此处也可以用so倒装的否定式,即neither/nor will I.注意A项中neither表否定意义,所以不能用won’t。

23. It seems that something is wrong with my computer._______ , I’d like to take it to the compliant desk immediately.

A. Otherwise B. If not C. But for that D. If so

解析:答案D。考查省略和替代。前后两句话之间是顺承关系。Otherwise否则,要不然;if not要不,不然;but for that若不是因为那件事;if so若是这样。

24. I opened the door. There _____ I had never seen before.

A. a boy did stand B. a boy stood C. did a boy stand D. stood a boy

解析:答案D。考查特殊句式。Here, There, Thus, Then等副词位于句首, 且当句子的主语是名词时,句子用全部倒装句, 选D。

25. Every day after supper, if not from homework, I will spend some time taking a walk with my friend.

A. being tired B. tiring C. tired D. to be tired

解析:答案C。本句考查省略句式。if引导的条件状语从句中, 从句中还原应为if I am not tired from homework, 根据省略的原则, 所以答案选C。

26. She must be helping her mother water the garden, ?

A. is she B. isn’t she C. must she D. mustn’t she

解析:答案B。本题考查反意疑问句。陈述句中的谓语中虽有情态动词must, 但此处must表示对正在进行的动作进行推测。而must后有助动词be, 故反意疑问句根据助动词be来构成, 选B。

27.—I wonder ______ you’ll water this kind of flower. —Every other day.

A. how often B. how long C. how soon D. how much

解析:答案A。相似疑问词的区别。根据答语Every other day可知对方问的是多久浇一次这种花。how often问频率, 符合题意。

28. It is that Prime Minister David Cameron(卡梅伦首相) blamed the worst riots(骚乱) in Britain the other day.

A. reported B. to report C. reporting D. being reported

解析:答案A。本句考查固定句型(it is +Ved +that从句)。

29.—What’s wrong with Mary?

—Well, her parents wouldn’t allow her to go out at night alone, but she still ________ .

A. hopes to B. hopes so C. hopes not D. hopes for

解析:答案A。本句考查固定搭配hope to do sth. 在不定式作简略回答时, 常常将不定式to之后的内容省略。

30. the website of China daily, and you will learn a lot from it.

A. Search B. To search C. Searching D. Having searched

解析:答案A。此题考查祈使句+and+简单句。祈使句+and+简单句, 相当于if引导的条件状语从句。

31.China has already sent up three spacecraft, the most recent at the end of last March.?

A. has been launched B. having been launched?

C. being launched D. to be launched

解析:答案B。此题考查独立主格结构。句中没有连接词, 故不能选作谓语动词的A项;the most recent having been launched为独立主格结构, 由at the end of last March可知应选用表示动作完成的B项。

32. Kate, here—everybody else, stay where you are.?

A. come B. comes C. to come D. coming

解析:答案A。本题考查了祈使句的用法。Kate和everybody else作为呼语出现, 后面的句子为祈使句, 省略了第二人称的主语you, 故应用动词原形。

33. I forgot to bring my ticket, but please let me enter the theatre, ?

A. do you B. can we? C. will you D. shall we

解析:答案C。此题考查祈使句的反意疑问句。祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, 意思是 “好吗,可以吗”。

34. It was when she got what she had wanted she realized it was not so necessary.?

A. that B. when C. since D. as

解析:答案A。此题考查强调句。强调句的结构是It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其余成分。强调句子的时间状语when she got what she had wanted。

35. China's railway system is said the brakes(高铁 “刹车”) these days.?

A. that it hits B. to hit? C. that it has hit D. to have hit

解析:答案D。句型sb. /sth. is said to+不定式。句型sb. /sth. is said to+不定式, 当不定式动作表示完成时, 不定式需用完成形式,因此选D项。

36. Water is to human beings oil is to machines.?

A. as B. that? C. what D. which

解析:答案C。此题考查固定句型“A is to B what C is to D”。句意为:水对于人类正如石油对于机器一样。

37.— I reminded you not to forget your homework.?— .?

A. So you did B. So I do not? C. So did you D. So do I

解析:答案A。本题考查 “so+助动词+主语”与 “so+主语+助动词”的意义区别。so+与前句相同的主语+助动词, 表示赞同, 意为 “确实”。

38. to cure the terrible disease, the patient turn to her doctor for help to end his life.

A. Having given hope? B. With no hope

C. There being hope? D. In the hope

解析:答案B。本题考查with结构(独立主格结构)。根据句意和结构, 显然其余三项不符合。

39. in sea trial(航母试航) that he decided to watch TV instead of doing his homework.

A. So interested the boy was? B. So interested was the boy?

C. How interested the boy was? D. The boy was such interested

解析:答案B。此题考查主谓一致和倒装结构。句意为:这个男孩对于航母试航是那样的感兴趣;以至于他决定去看电视而不做作业。so修饰的形容词或副词提到句首,句子用部分倒装。

40. After the initial exchange of fire(第一轮交火)near the Yeonpyeong island(延坪岛), there was no further response from the DRPK, ?

A. wasn’t there B. was there? C. didn’t it D. did it

解析:答案B。考查反意疑问句。因为陈述部分是肯定形式, 所以反意疑问部分用否定形式。

41. She has worked for more than 12 hours. she is tired out.?

A. It is no way B. There is no need?

C. It is no wonder D. There is no point

解析:答案C。本题考查固定句型。句意为:她已经工作了12个小时之多, 怪不得那么疲倦。It is no way. 没门;There is no need.不需要;There is no point. 没有意义。

42.—What can we do with this passage?— the main idea of each paragraph.

A. Finding out B. Found out? C. Find out D. To find out

解析:答案C。本题考查在具体语境中的省略。第二句补充完整应为You should find out the main idea of each paragraph。

43. Don’t be excited. things as they are and you will enjoy your own life.

A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken

解析:答案C。考查“祈使句+and+简单句”句型。表示如果……就……。

独立主格结构

高考英语语法:英语分词的逻辑主语

 一、弄清什么是分词的逻辑主语

分词属非谓语动词,即不用作谓语的动词,所以它没有真正的主语。但是,分词作为动词的一种形式,它应有自己理论上或逻辑上的主语,即逻辑主语。如:

I often hear him singing this song. 我经常听他唱这首歌。(him 是singing的逻辑主语)

Hearing the news, he couldn’t help crying. 听到这消息,他禁不住哭了。(he是hearing的逻辑主语)

若用的是过去分词或现在分词的被动式,则上面提到的逻辑主语实为“逻辑宾语”。如:

I often hear this song sung. 我经常听到有人唱这首歌。(this song是sung的逻辑主语,但是sing 的逻辑宾语)

I saw her being taken to the operating room. 我看见她被送到手术室。(her是being taken 的逻辑主语,但是take 的逻辑宾语)

二、弄清分词逻辑主语的易错点

分词作状语,它的逻辑主语通常应是句子的主语,否则会出错。请看下题:

1. Finding her car stolen, ______.

A. a policeman was asked to help

B. the area was searched thoroughly

C. it was looked for everywhere

D. she hurried to a policeman for help

此题答案应选D,因为句首用作状语的现在分词短语finding her car stolen 的逻辑主语应是“她”,而不是a policeman, the area, it 等。

在使用分词的逻辑主语时还要注意根据句意判断是主动还是被动。如:

2. _____ many times, he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Though to be told

C. Having told D. He was told

根据句意,he 与 tell 应是被动关系。从时间上看,应该是“被告诉”在先,“没有理解”在后,故选A。比较下题由于句中用了并列连词but,情况有所不同:

3. _____ many times, but he still didn’t understand it.

A. Having been told B. Though he was told

C. To have been told D. He was told

此题答案选D,句中的并列连词 but 表明整个句子为并列句,同时表明 but 前应是一个独立的句子,而不能是一个非谓语动词短语(所以不能选A或C)。

三、弄清分词逻辑主语的特例

一般说来,分词作状语,它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,但事实上有少数例外的特殊情况:

1. 某些表示说话人态度的一些惯用分词表达,它们在用作状语时其逻辑主语可以与句子主语不一致。如:

Generally speaking, women live longer than men. 一般说来,女人比男人活得长。

Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你的话看,他应当能成功。

Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly. 考虑到路程,他到达得很快。

Taking everything into consideration, you should leave. 考虑到各种因素,你离开。(from www.nmet168.com)

2. 当句子含有先行主语it或there时,有时用作状语的分词短语可以与先行主语不一致。如:

Having so little time, there was not much that I could do. 由于时间很少,我能做的事很有限。

Being French, it’s surprising that she’s such a terrible cook. 她是法国人,但她做饭做得那么糟真是令人感到惊奇。

3. 当分词已转化为介词或连词,此时也无需考虑主语一致问题。如:

Supposing she doesn’t come, what shall we do? 要是她不来我们怎么办?(supposing为连词,意为“假若”)

Given their inexperience, they’ve done a good job. 考虑到他们没有经验,这工作已做得很不错了。(given为介词,意为“考虑到”)

4. 当分词暗含的逻辑主语为表示泛指意义的one或you时,也无需考虑主语的一致性问题。如:

In doing such work, patience is needed. 做这种工作需要耐心。(=When one does such work, patience is needed.)

四、弄清分词的独立主格结构

在通常情况下,分词作状语时它的逻辑主语应与句子主语一致,若不一致,则应改用其他句型。如:

误:Crossing the road, a car knocked him down.

正:Crossing the road, he was knocked down by a car. 过马路时他被车撞倒了。

正:When he was crossing the road, a car knocked him down. 他过马路时车子把他撞倒了。

解决状语分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致的问题,也可在分词前加一个名词或代词,使之成为分词的逻辑主语。由于加在分词前的名词或代词要用主格形式,故称分词的独立主格结构。如:

The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。

The weather being fine, we went swimming. 天气很好,我们就去游泳了。

He being absent, nothing couldn’t be done. 由于他缺席,什么事也干不成

高中作文用独立主格结构好不好这样应该算

高考一般不考的,此语法比较冷僻,不必太在意会与不会。

以例句说明下:

So much noise going on , I felt very annoyed.

上句中:So much noise going on 即独立主格结构。

一般情况下,所谓独立主格结构即非谓语动词的一种特殊现象,具体来说,Ving 形式和过去分词的特殊现象,即当句子的主语不能充当非谓语动词的逻辑主语时,引进独立主格结构,一般“独立主格结构”在句中作状语,具体来说作原因,伴随状语等。

对比一下非谓语动词作状语的常规句子:

Seeing from the top of the tower, I can get a better view of the whole park.

此句中seeing from the top of the tower即非谓语动词作状语的常规用法,即:非谓语的逻辑主语就是后面句子的真正主语,此种现象是高考考查非谓语动词作状语的常见考点。

希望对你有所帮助!

非谓语用法总结

我个人觉得用得适当是可以的.注意几点原则:1.必须使用正确,不能用错,否则偷鸡不成反失米;2.用的要恰当,就是适合语言风格和情节逻辑,不要为了使用而使用;3.此结构属于高级语法结构,使用要适量,不要用的过多,一篇作文中出现一个就可以了,太多了反而不好.

本人参加了08年的高考英语阅卷工作,在众多的英语作文中,使用非谓语动词机构做状语或者定语的不多,能够正确使用独立主格结构且用的恰当的更是凤毛麟角.能够使用高级结构的背景是整篇文章语言、结构、内容等方面都精彩,这样叫做“锦上添花”.

但千万记得:高考作文的最本质的要求是:使用流畅地道的英语正确传达题目要求的信息.所以文章的内容最重要!也就是要点必须涵盖要求的信息点.评卷教师就是根据要点定档给分的.语言水平是第二个方面.

这样比喻吧,作文是树,内容是干和枝,各种语法结构和词汇是叶.

就说这么多吧,希望对你有所帮助.

老师叮咛:李辉老师说,“所谓的聪明都是小聪明,而真正的智慧,就是能够学会去发展各种规律,君子性非异也,善假于各种规律也。”因此,学会找到规律,至关重要!本文也将通过对非谓语用法高频考点的总结来帮助找到规律。下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!

一、非谓语动词的含义

非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:

1.不定式

(1)基本形式:to do 表示主动,并且一般表示将来

(2)被动式:to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来

(3)进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行

(4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成

(5)完成被动式:to have been done 表示被动和完成

(6)完成进行式:to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行

2.动名词

(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动

(2)被动式:being done 表示被动

(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成

(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成

3.现在分词

(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动和进行

(2)被动式:being done 表示被动和进行

(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成

(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成

4.过去分词

(1)done,及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;

(2)不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成

三、专题要点

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:

1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;

2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;

3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词;

4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语;

5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别;

6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别;

7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别;

8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语;

9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式;

10.独立主格结构在句中作状语;

11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。

四、考纲要求

非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点, 考纲要求掌握:非谓语动词的时态和语态;他们在英语句子中的作用;非谓语动词的基本用法和含义,非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分,比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等;掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析;掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。对于独立主格结构考纲要求掌握独立主格结构的构成方式;在句子中的作用以及with复合结构。

五、教法指引

非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词,是高中英语学习的难点,也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点,教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当,尤其是对以下要点的复习:

1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别;

2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式;

3.非谓语动词完成式的用法;

4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语;

5.非谓语动词用作目的状语;

6.非谓语动词用作结果状语;

7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语;

8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题;

9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题;

六、非谓语动词用法

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1.不定式和动名词作主语的区别

(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作,而不定是作主语表示具体动作。

如:Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.

这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much.

你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

如:Climbing mountains is interesting.

爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.

在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。

如:It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

(1)不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。

如:To do two things at a time is to do neither.

一次做两件事等于未做。

What I would suggest is to start work at once.

我的建议是立刻开始干。

2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。

如:To see is to believe.

百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living.

工作就是为了生活。

3)如果主语是以aim, duty, hope, idea, happiness, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。

如:His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.

他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.

(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。

如:Our work is serving the people.

我们的工作是为人民服务。

His hobby is collecting stamps.

他的爱好是集邮。

(3)分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区 别是考试中经常考到的地方,应该值得我们注意。

一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite, interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。

换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.

这类词常见的有:

interesting? 使人感到高兴的 interested 感到高兴的

exciting 令人激动的 excited 感到激动的

delighting 令人高兴的 delighted 感到高兴的

disappointing 令人失望的 disappointed 感到失望的

encouraging 令人鼓舞的 encouraged 感到鼓舞的

pleasing 令人愉快的 pleased 感到愉快的

puzzling 令人费解的 puzzled 感到费解的

satisfying 令人满意的 satisfied 感到满意的

surprising 令人惊异的 surprised 感到惊异的

worrying 令人担心的 worried 感到担心的

典型例子:

Travelling is interesting but tiring.

旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。

The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.

如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。

The argument is very convincing.

他的论点很令人信服。

They were very excited at the news.

听到这个消息,他们非常激动。

3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别

英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:

(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语

(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语

(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别

4.不定式、现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别

(1)不定式作定语

1)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是主谓关系。

如:He was the last one to leave school yesterday.

昨天他是最后一个离开教室的。

The train to arrive was from London.

将要到站的火车是从伦敦开来的。

2)不定式与其所修饰的名词可能是动宾关系。

如:Get him something to eat.

给他拿点儿东西吃。

She has a lot of work to do in the morning.

早上他有很多工作要做。

3)不及物动词构成的不定式做定语,要加上适当的介词和被修饰的名词形成逻辑上的动宾关系,这里的介词不能省去。

如:I need a pen to write with.

我需要一支笔写字。

There is nothing to worry about.

没有什么值得发愁的。

4)不定式可以修饰一些表示方向、原因、时间、机会、权利等抽象名词。

5)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, second, last, only和not a, the等限定词时候,只能用不定式。

6)不定代词something, nothing, little, much, a lot 等习惯上用不定式做定语。

如:John will do anything but work on a farm.

除了农活,约翰什么都愿意干。

7)如果其动词要求用不定式做宾语,或者其形容词要求不定式做补语,则相应的名词一般用不定式做定语。

如:tend to do=tendency to do;

decide to do = decision to do;

be curious to do = curiosity to do;

His wish to buy a car came true.

他要买辆车的愿望实现了。

Their decision to give up the experiment surprised us.

他们放弃这个实验的决定使我们大吃一惊。

He is always the first to come and the last to leave.

他总是第一个到来,最后一个离去。

(2)分词作定语分词作定语时有下面几个特点

1)现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词一般表示被动含意。

2)现在分词表示正在进行,过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。

如:He rushed into the burning house.

他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。

The child standing over there is my brother.

站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。

The room facing south is our classroom.

朝南的房间是我们的教室。

Have you got your watch repaired?

你拿到那个修好的表了吗?

He is an advanced teacher.

他是个先进教师。

3)下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语,但不具有被动意义,这点要注意:departed, elapsed, faded, fallen, gone, frown-up, retired, returned, risen, set, vanished, much-traveled, newly-arrived, recently-come

(3)不定式和分词作定语时的时间关系

一般来说,不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后;现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生;过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。

如:Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing?

你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗?

Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office?

你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗?

5.不定式和分词作状语的区别

(1)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别。

现在分词做状语与过去分词做状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。

1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,它们之间的关系是主动关系。

如:He went out shutting the door behind him.

他出去后将门随手关上。

Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.

由于不知如何办是好,他去找父母帮忙。

2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作,它们之间的关系是被动关系。

如:Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.

如果对这些树多关心一些,它们本来会长得更好。

Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.

在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。

(2)动词不定式和分词作状语的区别

1)分词作状语一般表示伴随,而不定式常常表示目的。

如:They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.

他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(伴随)

They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan.

他们站在路边为的是谈论这个计划。(目的)

2)分词作状语放在句子开头,除表示原因之外有时表示时间或条件。动词不定式作状语时,除了表示目的以外,还表示结果或原因。

如:Reading attentively,he forgot the time for lunch.

由于在专心读书,他忘了吃午饭的时间。(原因)

Reading carefully,he found something he had not known before.

他仔细读书时,发现了一些从前不知道的东西。(时间)

His family was too poor to support him.

他的家庭太穷,不能维持他的生活。(结果)

The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf.

这男孩个子不够高,手伸不到书架。(结果)

We are glad to hear the news.

我们很高兴听到这消息。(原因)老师叮咛:李辉老师说,“所谓的聪明都是小聪明,而真正的智慧,就是能够学会去发展各种规律,君子性非异也,善假于各种规律也。”因此,学会找到规律,至关重要!本文也将通过对非谓语用法高频考点的总结来帮助找到规律。下文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、学习、背诵!

一、非谓语动词的含义

非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式,其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语,综合这两点,我们将其叫做非谓语动词。

二、非谓语动词的形式

非谓语动词包含四种形式,即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。其中,每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。具体如下:

1.不定式

(1)基本形式:to do 表示主动,并且一般表示将来

(2)被动式:to be done 表示被动,并且一般表示将来

(3)进行式:to be doing 表示主动和进行

(4)完成时:to have done 表示主动和完成

(5)完成被动式:to have been done 表示被动和完成

(6)完成进行式:to have been doing 表示主动和完成进行

2.动名词

(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动

(2)被动式:being done 表示被动

(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成

(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成

3.现在分词

(1)基本形式:doing 表示主动和进行

(2)被动式:being done 表示被动和进行

(3)完成式:having done 表示主动和完成

(4)完成被动式:having been done 表示被动和完成

4.过去分词

(1)done,及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成;

(2)不及物动词的过去分词表示主动或完成

三、专题要点

非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下:

1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语;

2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语;

3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词;

4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语,且意义不同的动词或短语;

5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语

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